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Compare San Marino (2001) - Jamaica (2002)
Compare San Marino (2001) z Jamaica (2002)
| San Marino (2001) | Jamaica (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle | 14 parishes; Clarendon, Hanover, Kingston, Manchester, Portland, Saint Andrew, Saint Ann, Saint Catherine, Saint Elizabeth, Saint James, Saint Mary, Saint Thomas, Trelawny, Westmoreland |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
15.88% (male 2,241; female 2,100) 15-64 years: 67.94% (male 9,048; female 9,525) 65 years and over: 16.18% (male 1,902; female 2,520) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years: 29.1% (male 399,249; female 380,864)
15-64 years: 64.1% (male 858,433; female 859,174) 65 years and over: 6.8% (male 81,321; female 100,988) (2002 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides | sugarcane, bananas, coffee, citrus, potatoes, vegetables; poultry, goats, milk |
| Airports | none | 35 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | - | total: 11
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 5 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | - | total: 24
914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 22 (2002) |
| Area | total:
61.2 sq km land: 61.2 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 10,991 sq km
land: 10,831 sq km water: 160 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC | slightly smaller than Connecticut |
| Background | The third smallest state in Europe (after The Holy See and Monaco) also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor. | Jamaica gained full independence within the British Commonwealth in 1962. Deteriorating economic conditions during the 1970s led to recurrent violence and a dropoff in tourism. Elections in 1980 saw the democratic socialists voted out of office. Subsequent governments have been open market oriented. Political violence marred elections during the 1990s. |
| Birth rate | 10.76 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 17.74 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$400 million expenditures: $400 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.) |
revenues: $2.23 billion
expenditures: $2.56 billion, including capital expenditures of $232.5 million |
| Capital | San Marino | Kingston |
| Climate | Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers | tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior |
| Coastline | 0 km (landlocked) | 1,022 km |
| Constitution | 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution | 6 August 1962 |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Republic of San Marino conventional short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino local short form: San Marino |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Jamaica |
| Currency | Italian lira (ITL); euro (EUR) | Jamaican dollar (JMD) |
| Death rate | 7.68 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 5.45 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Debt - external | $NA | $5.2 billion (2001 est.) |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino | chief of mission: Ambassador Sue McCourt COBB
embassy: Jamaica Mutual Life Center, 2 Oxford Road, 3rd floor, Kingston 5 mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [1] (876) 929-4850 through 4859 FAX: [1] (876) 926-6743 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | San Marino does not have an embassy in the US
honorary consulate(s) general: Washington, DC, and New York honorary consulate(s): Detroit |
chief of mission: Ambassador Seymour MULLINGS
chancery: 1520 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 452-0660 FAX: [1] (202) 452-0081 consulate(s) general: Miami and New York |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $NA | $102.7 million (1995) (1995) |
| Economy - overview | The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 1999 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food. | The economy, which depends heavily on tourism and bauxite, has been stagnant since 1995. After five years of recession, the economy grew 0.8% in 2000 and 1.1% in 2001, but the global economic slowdown, particularly in the United States after the 11 September terrorist attacks, has stunted the economic recovery. Serious problems include: high interest rates; increased foreign competition; a pressured, sometimes sliding, exchange rate; a widening merchandise trade deficit; and a growing internal debt, the result of government bailouts to various ailing sectors of the economy, particularly the financial sector. Depressed economic conditions have led to increased civil unrest, including a mounting crime rate. Jamaica's medium-term prospects will depend upon encouraging investment, maintaining a competitive exchange rate, selling off reacquired firms, and implementing proper fiscal and monetary policies. |
| Electricity - consumption | NA kWh | 6.27 billion kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh
note: electric power supplied by Italy (1999) |
0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | NA kWh
note: electricity supplied by Italy |
0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production | NA kWh | 6.74 billion kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
fossil fuel: 89%
hydro: 3% nuclear: 0% other: 7% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Torrente Ausa 55 m highest point: Monte Titano 755 m |
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Blue Mountain Peak 2,256 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | heavy rates of deforestation; coastal waters polluted by industrial waste, sewage, and oil spills; damage to coral reefs; air pollution in Kingston results from vehicle emissions |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Nuclear Test Ban signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution |
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | Sammarinese, Italian | black 90.9%, East Indian 1.3%, white 0.2%, Chinese 0.2%, mixed 7.3%, other 0.1% |
| Exchange rates | euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999); Italian lire per US dollar - 1,736.2 (1998), 1,703.1 (1997), 1,542.9 (1996) | Jamaican dollars per US dollar - 47.277 (December 2001), 45.996 (2001), 42.701 (2000), 39.044 (1999), 36.550 (1998), 35.404 (1997) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
cochiefs of state Captain Regent Luigi LONFERNINI and Captain Regent Fabio BERARDI (for the period 1 April 2001-30 September 2001) head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Gabriele GATTI (since NA July 1986) cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term elections: cochiefs of state (captain regents) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA March 2001 (next to be held NA September 2001); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held NA June 1998 (next to be held NA June 2003) election results: Luigi LONFERNINI and Fabio BERARDI elected captain regents; percent of legislative vote - NA; Gabriele GATTI reelected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which has ten other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are three secretaries of state - Foreign Affairs, Internal Affairs, and Finance - and several additional secretaries; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed many of the prerogatives of a prime minister |
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Howard Felix COOKE (since 1 August 1991)
head of government: Prime Minister Percival James PATTERSON (since 30 March 1992) and Deputy Prime Minister Seymour MULLINGS (since NA 1993) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Representatives is appointed prime minister by the governor general; the deputy prime minister is recommended by the prime minister |
| Exports | trade data are included with the statistics for Italy | $1.6 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) |
| Exports - commodities | building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics | alumina, bauxite; sugar, bananas, rum |
| Exports - partners | - | US 35.7%, EU (excluding UK) 15.9%, UK 13%, Canada 10.5% (1999) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | 1 April - 31 March |
| Flag description | two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty) | diagonal yellow cross divides the flag into four triangles - green (top and bottom) and black (hoist side and outer side) |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $860 million (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $9.8 billion (2001 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
agriculture: 7%
industry: 28% services: 65% (2000 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $32,000 (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $3,700 (2001 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 8% (2000 est.) | 1.1% (2001 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 43 46 N, 12 25 E | 18 15 N, 77 30 W |
| Geography - note | landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines | strategic location between Cayman Trench and Jamaica Channel, the main sea lanes for the Panama Canal |
| Highways | total:
220 km paved: 220 km unpaved: 0 km (2001) |
total: 19,000 km
paved: 13,433 km unpaved: 5,567 km (1997) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: 3%
highest 10%: 29% (1996) (1996) |
| Illicit drugs | - | major transshipment point for cocaine from South America to North America and Europe; illicit cultivation of cannabis; government has an active manual cannabis eradication program; corruption is a major concern; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Jamaica for illicit financial transactions |
| Imports | trade data are included with the statistics for Italy | $3.1 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) |
| Imports - commodities | wide variety of consumer manufactures, food | machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, fuel, food, chemicals, fertilizers |
| Imports - partners | - | US 47.8%, Caricom countries 12.4%, Latin America 7.2%, EU (excluding UK) 4.7% (1999) |
| Independence | 3 September 301 | 6 August 1962 (from UK) |
| Industrial production growth rate | 6% (1997 est.) | -2% (2000 est.) |
| Industries | tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine | tourism, bauxite, textiles, food processing, light manufactures, rum, cement, metal, paper, chemical products |
| Infant mortality rate | 6.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | 13.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 2.2% (2000) | 6.9% (2001 est.) |
| International organization participation | CE, ECE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO | ACP, C, Caricom, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2000) | 21 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | 250 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Judicial branch | Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII | Supreme Court (judges appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister); Court of Appeal |
| Labor force | 18,500 (1999) | 1.13 million (1998) (1998) |
| Labor force - by occupation | services 60%, industry 38%, agriculture 2% (1998 est.) | services 60%, agriculture 21%, industry 19% (1998) (1998) |
| Land boundaries | total:
39 km border countries: Italy 39 km |
0 km |
| Land use | arable land:
17% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 83% (1993 est.) |
arable land: 16.07%
permanent crops: 9.23% other: 74.7% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | Italian | English, patois English |
| Legal system | based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction | based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 31 May 1998 (next likely to be held by NA June 2001) election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 40.8%, PSS 23.3%, PPDS 18.6%, APDS 9.8%, RC 3.3%, SR 4.2%; seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 14, PPDS 11, APDS 6, RC 2, SR 2 |
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (a 21-member body appointed by the governor general on the recommendations of the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; ruling party is allocated 13 seats, and the opposition is allocated eight seats) and the House of Representatives (60 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 16 October 2002 (next to be held NA October 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - PNP 52%, JLP 47.3%; seats by party - PNP 34, JLP 26 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
81.23 years male: 77.68 years female: 85.1 years (2001 est.) |
total population: 75.64 years
male: 73.65 years female: 77.73 years (2002 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
age 10 and over can read and write total population: 96% male: 97% female: 95% (1976 est.) |
definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 85% male: 80.8% female: 89.1% (1995 est.) |
| Location | Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy | Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba |
| Map references | Europe | Central America and the Caribbean |
| Maritime claims | none (landlocked) | measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: 200 NM or to edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | - | total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 21,954 GRT/25,250 DWT
ships by type: petroleum tanker 1, includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Latvia 2, United States 2 (2002 est.) |
| Military branches | Voluntary Military Force, Police Force | Jamaica Defense Force (including Ground Forces, Coast Guard, and Air Wing), Jamaica Constabulary Force |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $700,000 (FY00) | $30 million (FY95/96 est.) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | NA% | NA% |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49: 747,043 (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49: 523,550 (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - military age | - | 18 years of age (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | - | males: 27,729 (2002 est.) |
| National holiday | Founding of the Republic, 3 September (301) | Independence Day, first Monday in August (1962) |
| Nationality | noun:
Sammarinese (singular and plural) adjective: Sammarinese |
noun: Jamaican(s)
adjective: Jamaican |
| Natural hazards | NA | hurricanes (especially July to November) |
| Natural resources | building stone | bauxite, gypsum, limestone |
| Net migration rate | 11.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | -6.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Pipelines | - | petroleum products 10 km |
| Political parties and leaders | Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Pier Marino MENICUCCI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Mario VENTURINI]; San Marino Progressive Democratic Party or PPDS [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Augusto CASALI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI] | Jamaica Labor Party or JLP [Edward SEAGA]; National Democratic Movement or NDM [Bruce GOLDING]; People's National Party or PNP [Percival James PATTERSON] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | New Beginnings Movement or NBM; Rastafarians (black religious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists) |
| Population | 27,336 (July 2001 est.) | 2,680,029 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | 34% (1992 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 1.45% (2001 est.) | 0.56% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | none | Alligator Pond, Discovery Bay, Kingston, Montego Bay, Ocho Rios, Port Antonio, Rocky Point, Port Esquivel (Longswharf) |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 10, FM 13, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | 16,000 (1997) | 1.215 million (1997) |
| Railways | 0 km; note - there is a 1.5 km cable railway connecting the city of San Marino to Borgo Maggiore | total: 272 km
standard gauge: 272 km 1.435-m gauge; note - 207 km, belonging to the Jamaica Railway Corporation, were in common carrier service but are no longer operational; the remaining track is privately owned and used to transport bauxite (2000) |
| Religions | Roman Catholic | Protestant 61.3% (Church of God 21.2%, Baptist 8.8%, Anglican 5.5%, Seventh-Day Adventist 9%, Pentecostal 7.6%, Methodist 2.7%, United Church 2.7%, Brethren 1.1%, Jehovah's Witness 1.6%, Moravian 1.1%), Roman Catholic 4%, other, including some spiritual cults 34.7% |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.09 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
adequate connections domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system international: connected to Italian international network |
general assessment: fully automatic domestic telephone network
domestic: NA international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); 3 coaxial submarine cables |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 18,000 (1998) | 353,000 (1996) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 3,010 (1998) | 54,640 (1996) |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997) | 7 (1997) |
| Terrain | rugged mountains | mostly mountains, with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain |
| Total fertility rate | 1.3 children born/woman (2001 est.) | 2.05 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 3% (1999) | 16% (2000 est.) |
| Waterways | none | none |
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